东辰安华知识网 诗题：连州腊日观莫瑶猎西山
(Lianzhou, Winter Sacrifice Day, Watching the Moyao Hunt on West Mountain)
原文：
> 海天杀气薄，蛮军步伍嚣。
> 林红叶尽变，原黑草初烧。
> 围合繁钲息，禽兴大旆摇。
> 张罗依道口，嗾犬上山腰。
> 猜鹰虑奋迅，惊鹿时跼跳。
> 瘴云四面起，腊雪半空消。
> 箭头馀鹄血，鞍傍见雉翘。
> 日暮还城邑，金笳发丽谯。
英译 (Literal & Poetic Translation):
> Lianzhou, Winter Sacrifice Day, Watching the Moyao Hunt on West Mountain
> The air and sea breathe killing air, thin yet keen, (The killing aura of sea and sky grows thin yet pervasive,)
> The Moyao troops march, clamorous, their ranks unseen. (The Moyao army's ranks clamor, wild and keen.)
> Woods flush red as leaves all change their hue, (Forests flush crimson as leaves transform their hue,)
> Plains turn black where grass begins anew. (Plains turn black where grass burns, starting fresh and new.)
> Encircled, the clanging gongs now cease their sound, (Encirclement complete, the gongs' clamor dies down,)
> As birds take flight, great banners shake the ground. (As startled birds take flight, grand banners shake the ground.)
> Nets spread wide by the mountain pass they lay, (They spread their nets wide at the pass's narrow way,)
> Whistled commands send hounds up slopes halfway. (Whistling commands, they drive hounds up the mountainside midway.)
> Hawks, suspected, strain to dart with speed, (Suspicious hawks are watched lest they too swiftly dart,)
> Startled deer at times leap in sudden need. (Startled deer at times bound, making a frantic start.)
> Miasmic clouds rise thick on every side, (Miasmic clouds rise thickly, swirling all around,)
> Sacrifice snows half vanish where they ride. (Winter sacrifice snows half melt where the hunters are found.)
> Arrow tips still stained with swan blood remain, (Arrowheads still stained with the blood of the swan remain,)
> At saddle's side, pheasant plumes proudly attain. (At saddle's side, proud pheasant plumes are seen again.)
> At sunset back to city walls they wind, (At dusk, they head back towards the city wall's embrace,)
> Golden horns sound sweet from watchtower high, in kind. (Golden horns sound sweetly from the watchtower's lofty place.)
中译 (Modern Chinese Translation
> 连州腊日观莫瑶猎西山
> 海天之间弥漫着淡淡的肃杀之气，
> 莫瑶族的猎手们步伐喧嚣，队列前行。
> 山林红叶尽染，仿佛完全变了颜色，
> 原野上枯草初燃，一片焦黑。
> 合围完成，繁密的铜钲声停息下来，
> 禽鸟惊飞，巨大的猎旗迎风招摇。
> 在道路要口张开捕猎的罗网，
> 驱使猎犬奔上山腰。
> 警惕着猎鹰是否会突然迅猛出击，
> 受惊的野鹿不时惊慌跳跃。
> 瘴气云雾从四面升腾而起，
> 腊月积雪在半空中渐渐消融。
> 箭头上还残留着天鹅的血迹，
> 马鞍旁可见插着猎获的野鸡尾羽。
> 日暮时分，猎队返回城中，
> 华丽的城楼上，响起了悠扬的金笳声。
翻译要点说明:
1. 诗题 (Title): "腊日"指古代年终祭祀百神的日子（腊祭），译为"Winter Sacrifice Day"点明时间和习俗。"莫瑶"是唐代对瑶族先民的称呼，保留音译"Moyao"并加注解释其指代族群。"观猎"译为"Watching the Hunt"清晰传达动作。
2. "海天杀气薄"： 译为"The air and sea breathe killing air, thin yet keen" / "海天之间弥漫着淡淡的肃杀之气"，用"breathe"和"thin yet keen" / "淡淡的"传达原句中那种若有若无但无处不在的氛围。
3. "蛮军步伍嚣"： "蛮军"指莫瑶猎队，译为"Moyao troops" / "莫瑶族的猎手们"。"步伍嚣"译为"march, clamorous" / "步伐喧嚣，队列前行"，体现队伍的嘈杂和行进感。
4. "林红叶尽变，原黑草初烧"： 这两句描绘深秋/初冬景象和方式（烧草驱兽）。"尽变"译为"all change their hue" / "尽染，仿佛完全变了颜色"，"初烧"译为"begins anew" / "初燃"，点明烧荒是为了来年新草生长，同时描绘出原野焦黑的画面。
5. "围合繁钲息，禽兴大旆摇"： 描绘合围完成、信号变化和猎物惊飞的场景。"繁钲息"译为"the clanging gongs now cease their sound" / "铜钲声停息下来"，"禽兴"译为"birds take flight" / "禽鸟惊飞"，"大旆摇"译为"great banners shake the ground" / "巨大的猎旗迎风招摇"，突出动态和声势。
6. "张罗依道口，嗾犬上山腰"： 具体描写动作。"张罗"译为"spread nets" / "张开捕猎的罗网"，"嗾犬"译为"whistled commands send hounds" / "驱使猎犬"，"上山腰"译为"up slopes halfway" / "奔上山腰"。
7. "猜鹰虑奋迅，惊鹿时跼跳"： 描绘猎鹰蓄势待发和猎物受惊的状态。"猜鹰虑奋迅"译为"Hawks, suspected, strain to dart with speed" / "警惕着猎鹰是否会突然迅猛出击"，"惊鹿时跼跳"译为"Startled deer at times leap in sudden need" / "受惊的野鹿不时惊慌跳跃"。
8. "瘴云四面起，腊雪半空消"： 描绘南方特有的环境（瘴气）和时节特点（冬雪消融）。"瘴云"译为"Miasmic clouds" / "瘴气云雾"，"腊雪半空消"译为"Sacrifice snows half vanish where they ride" / "腊月积雪在半空中渐渐消融"，点明"腊"字。
9. "箭头馀鹄血，鞍傍见雉翘"： 展示成果。"鹄"（天鹅）译为"swan"，"雉翘"（野鸡尾羽）译为"pheasant plumes" / "野鸡尾羽"。
10. "日暮还城邑，金笳发丽谯"： 描写猎归场景。"金笳"（华美的号角）译为"Golden horns"，"丽谯"（华丽的城楼）译为"watchtower high" / "华丽的城楼上"。"发"译为"sound" / "响起"。
诗歌背景与赏析：
这首诗是刘禹锡被贬连州（今广东连县）期间所作。诗中生动描绘了当地瑶族先民（莫瑶）在腊日进行大规模围猎的场景。诗人以敏锐的观察力捕捉了过程的各个细节：从队伍出发的肃杀氛围、烧荒围猎的信号变化、驱犬张网的具体动作，到猎鹰的蓄势、猎物的惊惶、环境的险恶（瘴气），再到猎获的丰盛和归途的号角。全诗语言简练有力，意象鲜明生动（红林、黑原、摇旗、惊鹿、瘴云、血箭、雉羽），充满了动感和异域风情，展现了唐代岭南少数民族独特的生活习俗和勇武精神，也体现了刘禹锡作为观察者对异族文化的浓厚兴趣和细致刻画能力。末句的金笳声，在肃杀的之后，增添了一丝悠扬与回归的意味。
